文献综述(或调研报告):
导电聚合物基电致变色器件的研究
摘要:
导电聚合物作为电致变色活性层材料,因为有着宽的变色范围、高的色彩对比度和着色效率、快速的显色响应时间及好的光学记忆性而受到青睐。其中以聚吡咯、聚噻吩和聚苯胺及其衍生物体系为主,人们作了很多的研究和探索,在电致变色活性材料及电极膜材料方面已经找到了多种可以利用的单聚和共聚体系。随着导电聚合物电致变色活性材料及固体电解质的研究进展,电致变色器件向着全固态、柔性、全色系颜色变化等实用化方向发展。为了实现更快速的响应时间、更多的循环次数和变化色彩,所做的研究集中在通过改变单体结构、共聚、络合、功能掺杂、共混或复合等方法,来调控其变色范围和颜色质量。
关键词:导电聚合物,电致变色,聚苯胺,聚吡咯
Abstract:
Conductive polymer has wide color changing range, high color contrast and coloring efficiency, fast color rendering response time and good optical memory, so it is an ideal material for electrochromic active layer. Among them, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline and their derivatives are the Main research objects. People have done lots of research and exploration, and have found a variety of available monomers and copolymers which can be electrochromic active materials and electrode membrane materials. With the research progress of conductive polymer electrochromic active materials and solid electrolytes, electrochromic devices are developing towards practical applications such as all-solid, flexible, and full-color color changes. In order to achieve faster response time, more cycles and colors, research has focused on changing monomer structure, copolymerization, complexation, functional doping, blending, or compounding, to regulate the range of color changes and cycle performance.
Key words:Conductive polymer, electrochromic, polyaniline, polypyrrole
1. 引言
电致变色(electrochromism,EC) 是指在外界电场的作用下,材料发生氧化或还原反应,导致其对光透射或反射产生可逆变化,在外观上表现为颜色的可逆变色现象。利用这种现象,可以制作用于建筑物温度调节及减少眩光的智能窗户,电致变色显示器和自适应红外伪装装置[1][2]。电致变色材料一般可分为无机材料 (如WO3、V2O5、 NiO 等)和导电聚合物(聚苯胺类、聚噻吩类、聚吡咯类等)两大类。无机材料是较早被研究的电致变色材料,且具有颜色对比度高、循环稳定性高、附着力强及热稳定性高等优点[3]。与无机电致变色材料相比,导电聚合物电致变色材料具有响应速度快、颜色变化丰富、易加工、易分子设计及成本低廉等优点,具有广阔的应用前景。
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