山药热风干燥动力学及其品质特性分析研究进展
摘要：山药是薯蓣科薯蓣属多年生缠绕藤本植物，药食同源的中药材，具有极高的食用价值和药用价值。新鲜山药含水量高，在空气中易氧化褐变，对山药进行干燥可以延缓变质。热风干燥是一种传统的利用热风带走水分的干燥方法，成本低且不受外界条件影响。研究发现温度过高或过低，厚度过大或过小，都影响山药的干燥特性。用来描述食品干燥过程的模型一般有3种,即指数模型、单项扩散模型和Page模型,研究表明Page模型更适用于描述山药的热风干燥过程，用该模型可预测山药内部水分变化，为控制山药的干燥情况提供理论依据。干燥条件影响物料的复水比、色差值、总黄酮含量及其抗氧化活性，研究表明均有最佳温度和厚度能最小程度影响山药的品质。本文综述前人在山药干燥动力学和品质特性方面的最新研究成果，为山药在干燥时保证最佳干燥特性和品质提供理论依据。
关键词：山药；热风干燥；动力学模型；总黄酮；抗氧化活性
Advances in drying kinetics and quality characteristics of Yams
Abstract:Yam is a perennial winding vine of Dioscorea. It is a common Chinese medicinal material, which has extremely high edible value and medicinal value.Fresh yam has high water content and is easy to oxidation and browning in the air. Dry the yam can delay the deterioration.Hot air drying is a traditional drying method that uses heat wind to take away water, with low cost and not affected by external conditions.
The study found that the temperature is too high or too low, and the thickness is too large or too small, which all affect the drying characteristics of the yam.There are generally three models used to describe the food drying process, namely the exponential model, the monomial diffusion model and the Page model. Studies show that the Page model is more suitable to describe the hot wind drying process of Chinese yam, which can predict the internal water variation of Chinese yam and provide a theoretical basis for controlling the drying situation of Chinese yam.The drying conditions affect the rehydration ratio, color difference value, total flavonoids content and their antioxidant activity, and the study shows that the optimal temperature and thickness can minimize the quality of Chinese yam.This paper reviews the latest previous research results on yam drying dynamics and quality characteristics, and provides a theoretical basis for ensuring the best drying characteristics and quality when drying.
Key words:Yams; hot air drying; kinetic model; total flavonoids; antioxidant activity
引言
山药是薯蓣科薯蓣属多年生缠绕藤本植物，产地丰富，以根茎入药，具有补脾养胃、生津益肺、补肾益精之功效。现代医学研究表明，山药具备抗氧化、抗突变、降血糖血脂、避免肝脏损伤和免疫调节等能力。[1]山药种类繁多，主要有铁棍山药、细毛山药、淮山药、麻山药和佛手山药等。山药是药食同源中药材，具有很高的食用价值和药用价值，药理作用有调节免疫、抗氧化抗衰老、降糖、抗突变抗肿瘤、调整消化系统功能。《神农本草经》、《本草纲目》中均将山药列为上品。[2]山药中含有甘露聚糖、黏蛋白、淀粉酶、皂苷、游离氨基酸、多酚氧化酶、胆碱、碳水化合物、维生素C和其他营养物质。[3]
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